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Money
Money is something that is very difficult to explain . People in various cultures think of money in different ways. A London banker and an African tribesman have different ideas of what money is.
Many people think of money as a currency –metal coins and paper bills . We need it to buy the things in life that we need. We also get money for the work that we do. So, money is a way of exchanging goods and services .
In early civilisations people did not have money. They traded objects. Maybe a hunter had more animal furs than he could use and his neighbour might have caught more fish than he could eat himself. They soon saw that they needed each other. The fisherman needed furs to protect himself from the cold and the hunter needed something to eat, so they exchanged their goods . This is called barter .
Barter also had disadvantages . If there weren’t any more people who needed the hunter’s furs he couldn’t trade them for the things he needed.
As time went on, people used things that were valuable as a kind of money. Cattle was one of the earliest forms of money. People who had many cows were thought to be very rich. Later on, grain and salt were common forms of money. They had advantages because you could weigh them.
The Aztecs used cacao beans as money. They were valuable and easy to carry. The early American colonists used gunpowder , tobacco and nails as money. These things were very rare .
Money in the form of metal coinsIn the course of time people searched for better ways of trading goods. They found out that metal , especially gold and silver, was very valuable .
Some historians believe that the first coins were made at around 700 B.C. by the Lydians . The Greeks and Romans also had silver and gold coins . Their value was guaranteed by the government .
But it was not until the late Middle Ages that coins became common throughout Europe. Metals were stamped and coins had to have a certain weight . People knew how many coins they needed to buy something because they had a fixed value
Paper money came into use about 300 years ago. The idea came from goldsmiths who gave people pieces of paper in exchange for their gold. These bills could be exchanged for their gold later on . They told you that real gold and silver existed somewhere.
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ulankakovalik 5 месяцев назад
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### Questions and Answers

1. **How did people in early civilizations exchange goods?**
- In early civilizations, people exchanged goods through barter. For example, a hunter could trade furs for fish with a fisherman.

2. **What items were used as money before coins were introduced?**
- Before coins, items such as cattle, grain, salt, cacao beans, gunpowder, tobacco, and nails were used as money.

3. **When did the first coins appear and who made them?**
- The first coins appeared around 700 B.C. and were made by the Lydians.

4. **What advantages did coins have over other forms of money?**
- Coins were more convenient for trade because they could be weighed, and their value was guaranteed by the government.

5. **How did paper money originate and who introduced the concept?**
- Paper money originated about 300 years ago. The concept was introduced by goldsmiths who issued paper bills in exchange for gold, which could later be exchanged back for the gold.

### Summary

The text discusses the history and evolution of money. Different cultures have various concepts of money. Initially, trade was conducted through bartering, which had its drawbacks. Over time, valuable items such as cattle, grain, salt, and cacao beans were used as money. The first metal coins were created by the Lydians around 700 B.C. Coins were advantageous because they could be weighed, and their value was government-guaranteed. Paper money appeared about 300 years ago, introduced by goldsmiths who issued paper bills in exchange for gold. This development led to the modern forms of money we use today.